Wednesday, August 7, 2024

The Place of the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew

      The Sermon on the Mount is part of the early ministry of Jesus in Galilee.  Matthew sandwiches the Sermon on the Mount between two refrains: 

"And he went through all Galilee teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the Kingdom and healing every disease and every affliction among the people."  (Matthew 4:23)

"And Jesus went throughout all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the Kingdom and healing every disease and every affliction."  (Matthew 9:35)

     These verses both mention two ideas:  Jesus was proclaiming the coming of the Kingdom and what the Kingdom would be like.  He was also demonstrating the power in that Kingdom.  Teaching and proclaiming on one hand, and healing every disease on the other.

     These two ideas help us to understand the material between these verses.  At every synagogue He passed Jesus announced the coming of the Kingdom of God and what it would be like.  The Sermon on the Mount is a part of the teaching.  After the Sermon on the Mount (Mt. 5-7), we have the power of that Kingdom demonstrated.  Aspects of Jesus' healing ministry follow in Matthew 8-9.

     Matthew is making the argument that the Word of Christ and the witness of Christ go together.  The Sermon on the Mount explains the power of the miracles.  The miracles demonstrate that the Kingdom of God has truly come. The witness of the words and the miracles were unmistakable.  God was walking among them and calling mankind to Himself.


Tuesday, August 6, 2024

Sermon on the Mount: The Pronouncement of Blessing (Mt. 5:2)

      Jesus opens the Sermon on the Mount with  series of Beatitudes- each describing the kind of person who is blessed in the Kingdom of God.  Each Beatitude has three parts:  1)The Pronouncement of Blessing, 2) The Condition or Character of the Recipient, and 3) the reward that awaits them.  Each Beatitude features a surprising reversal.  Culture taught that the rich and powerful were influential because they were given the blessing of God.  Jesus reverses that narrative:  Those who are blessed, with eternal happiness and joy, are the poor, the meek, the humble.

     We might be excited to be blessed by a famous person- we might get an autograph or a picture to show our friends.  But the famous person doesn't know us, who we are or what we need.  We might be blessed by a rich person, but riches falter.  And who knows whether the riches given would actually be good for us?  The rich man may not have that kind of knowledge.  We could be blessed by a close friend or relative.  They might have the advantage of knowing us intimately and knowing what we need.  They would be glad to bless us if they only had the power and authority to make the blessing a reality.

     The Sermon on the Mount offers us something more.  In Jesus, we have someone who knows us better than we know ourselves.  He cares for us in ways we may never fully understand (watch Christ as He sets His face like a flint for the cross).  He cares, He is willing,  and He has the power and authority to make the blessing happen.  What would you be willing to do in order to assure the blessing of Jesus?

     We are not responsible for great achievement in order to win the blessing of Jesus.  His blessing is not out of reach.  It can be bought with a measure of humility.  Trading pride and self-sufficiency for meekness, learning to hunger and thirst for what is in line with Christ's character, are what is needed.  We must empty ourselves of our own sufficiency so that we may receive the blessing of Christ.  The pronouncement of Blessing is matchless grace.  The Kingdom of God is being offered to us.  Don't settle for anything less.

Monday, August 5, 2024

Marriage is a Secondary Pleasure

 Because God has set eternity in the hearts of men, only God can fill the void. Solomon pursues wealth and power and sex and achievement as objects of primary satisfaction, but nothing can hold the water. Death levels the playing field. “You fool, tonight your soul will be required of you!”

Solomon has taken great pains to rip everything out of our hands that could be an idol. None of it worth selling your soul for. We dare not worship even good things. “Fear God and keep his commandments.” Only God matters. At the point when our heart surrenders, God is gracious. Now that He is alone as our primary pleasure, He- as the Father of lights and the Giver of good gifts, begins to restore what has been taken.

But those pleasures have been transformed. The good gifts, wealth, food, and sex, are no longer vying for supremacy in our lives. Instead, God does two things, according to Solomon:

1. He gives us these secondary pleasures because they have finally learned their place in our lives. We recognize them as coming from the hand of God.

2. He gives us the power to enjoy them. In Solomon, the gifts from the hand of God and the power to enjoy them are two different things.

Eating, drinking, working, and marriage are listed by Solomon as those things that come as secondary pleasures from the hand of God. Marriage, then, is a secondary pleasure. When it occupies the primary position, it is an idol.

How can marriage be an idol? Whenever we love or worship the gift more than the Giver, we have traded the creature for the Creator. When we make the relationship an end in itself, we forget that all things must point to God or they detract us from real purpose. Christian culture must uphold the dignity of marriage as part of the creation ordinances, but be careful not to make it a god.

Marriage after all is for life “under the sun.” Jesus told the those who denied the resurrection that men and women will not be given in marriage in eternity. Marriage is the shadow for which our relationship to Christ, is the substance. Christ’s relationship to the church is not like marriage, but marriage is like the church’s relationship with Christ. Marriage here foreshadows the eternal relationship: That relationship is the ultimate reality.

When we make marriage primary, we make single believers second-class citizens in the Kingdom of God. But Paul commended singleness for its singular passion for Christ and His mission. In Isaiah, God promises to give Eunuchs and foreigners “a memorial and a name” better than sons and daughters. Jesus said, there are three reasons that people are Eunuchs: They are born that way, they are made that way by the hand of men, or they choose to remain single for the Kingdom of God. We must not minimize their service for God as second-rate. Marriage is a gift. So is singleness. Both come from the hand of God as blessing for the believer.

Christopher Yuan tells the story of Ken and Floy Smith, a couple whose life of ministry resulted in the conversion of Rosaria Butterfield. When Floy died, Ken was comforted by this thought: “Our marriage was not interrupted (by death), but fulfilled. So I took my ring off. Marriage completed. Interestingly enough, this brought me immense comfort, peace, and thanksgiving.”

The Sermon on the Mount: The Rabbi Takes His Seat (Matthew 5:1-2)

     There are two groups of people who gather to hear Jesus speak.  The inner circle is the disciples, recently called from their occupations to follow Christ.  Daily they listen to Jesus' words, daily they marvel at his works and his character.  They have opportunity to ask questions out of their own need and to listen as Jesus shares both wisdom and compassion with his disciples.

     The outer circle is the crowd, already gathering to hear his words and marvel at his works.  The crowd will be amazed at his teaching.  He will reverse many of their religious assumptions, like who is truly blessed by God and what kind of person is called to inherit the Kingdom of God.  Soon enough, the crowd will divide into followers and critics, people who want bread and people who want life.

     If you were called to follow Christ, you would follow behind, listen to his daily advice, conversation, and informal instruction.  It was the custom, however, that when the rabbi took his seat, the disciples would quickly gather at his feet and listen with rapt attention.  It was time for more formal instruction.  Matthew underscores this by using a Hebraism:  "He opened his mouth and taught them saying..."  The phrase indicates that what follows from the lips of Jesus comes with a significant measure of deliberateness and sobriety.  It is time to listen.

Monday, July 15, 2024

What Really Matters?

 What really matters?  Man has a peculiar kind of longing, a yearning for spending life in a way that matters.  Purpose and meaning are bound up in the way we are made.  The image of God, stamped onto every living soul, demands permanence.  But in this world of transient things, what is permanent?

Solomon is on record with a full investigation into the world and its affairs.  The Book of Ecclesiastes is a search for a purpose strong enough to engage a man's soul.  God has put eternity into man's heart.  No temporal affair matters, ultimately and finally.  All of life, under the sun, is transient, ephemeral, like the wind.  Nothing has the permanence of eternity.  All that we think, say, and do will pass away.  No inheritance lasts.  It is enough to bring us to despair at our toil (Ecclesiastes 2:20) if that were the end of the story.

Solomon has an answer and he has been waiting to tell us.  He has been careful to arrange his book to give us a full, lasting glimpse into man's transient world.  He has taken great care to communicate- choosing words of delight (Ecc. 12:9), specific images that will stick with us.  The words, the proverbs, the mood and the genre were all a product of Solomon's care.  He weighed out and studied and arranged his proverbs to communicate truth.

Solomon describes his writing in two images (Ecc. 12:11):  His words are goads.  A goad was a long stick used for guiding oxen when plowing.  We will feel the sting as he directs us to the one thing that matters.  His words are also firmly fixed nails:  Solid, dependable words we can build our lives on.  These goads and nails are not just the work of Solomon.  His wisdom is sourced in the wisdom of the Shepherd.  God Himself has overseen the work.

We have been reading the words of a master.  Ecclesiastes has all been assembled for the sole purpose of guiding us to true purpose, true permanence.  Qoheleth has wrestled out of our hands all the vanities I might have sold my soul for.  Without his warning, I could have lost everything.  I could have wasted my life.

The sage is now the evangelist.  His wisdom has brought us empty-handed to the edge of eternity.  What matters, what lasts, is God Himself.  Only God matters.  Our relationship with Him lasts.  Solomon's comprehensive survey of all that matters boils down to one command:  Fear God.  Fearing Him, obeying His commands is our duty and our delight.  We come to God because a relationship with the Creator is eternal.  It is the purpose for which we are created in His image.  The chief end of man is to glorify God and to enjoy Him forever.  Every deed will be brought into judgment.

Some writers have described the last paragraphs of Ecclesiastes as postscript, an addendum added by another author from another time or another place.  This section is not an addition.  It is the whole point.


Monday, July 8, 2024

Risk, Uncertainty and the Will of God

 How do we face uncertainty?  I want to do the will of God.  I want to try new things.  But, is now the right time?  Will my venture meet with success or failure?  Should I wait until I am sure?  Anxiety over God's will stems from this uncertainty.  These are the kinds of questions Qoheleth wants to address.

Ecclesiastes 10:8-11 describes the uncertainty in our daily affairs.  Sometimes the uncertainty stems from our own actions, sometimes its unavoidable.  We fall into a pit we have just dug.  We work in danger when we work with wood or stone.  If we try to charm a snake, well, you get the picture.  How do we keep this uncertainty from paralyzing us?

Solomon would remind us that while uncertainty exists from our point of view, all things are certain to God.  Where clouds are full of rain, they empty themselves on the earth (11:3).  Where a tree falls, there it lies.  Who knows how the spirit joins the body of a baby in conception?  There is so much we don't know. It is a comfort then that God orchestrates all things and will dispose the day.  Why doesn't He tell us what He's doing?

There is gravity in the uncertainty of our world.  We don't know what disaster will fall upon the earth (11:2).  We don't know what will prosper, whether this or that, or whether both will do equally well (11:6).  This uncertainty can breed sloth:  He who observes the wind will never sow and he who regards the clouds will never reap (11:4).  Proverbs makes this point as well:  The sloth excuses his inactivity by fearing "There is a lion in the streets- I will be slain in the public square."  I suppose there is a lion outside his door somewhere, but what are the chances it's anywhere near?

If uncertainty is built into life, then faith in God is essential.  Watch how faith works in the face of uncertainty:

    "So now give me this hill country of which the Lord spoke on that day, for you heard on that day how the Anakim were there were there with great, fortified cities.  It may be that the Lord will be with me, and I shall drive them out just as the Lord has said."  (Caleb, Joshua 14:12)

    "If the Syrians are too strong for me, then you shall help me, but if the Ammonites are too strong for you, then I will come and help you.  Be of good courage and let us be courageous for our people, and for the cities of our God and may the Lord do what seems good to him."  (Joab, II Samuel 10:11-12) 

     "O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer you in this matter.  If this be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of your hand, O king.  But if not, be it known to you, O king, that we will not serve your gods or worship the golden image that you have set up."  (Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, Daniel 3:16-18)

     "Go gather all the Jews in Susa, and hold a fast on my behalf, and do not eat or drink for three days, night or day.  I and my young women will fast as you do.  Then, I will go into the king, though it is against the law, and if I perish, I perish." (Esther, Esther 4:16)

     "Some of you they will put to death.  You will be hated by all for my name's sake.  But not a hair of your head will perish."  (Jesus to His disciples, Luke 21:16-18)

     "Come now, you who say, "Today or tomorrow we will go into such and such a town and spend a year there and trade and make a profit"- yet you do not know what tomorrow will bring... Instead, you ought to say, "If the Lord wills, we will live and do this or that."  (James 4:13-16)

Some Bible expositor might say:  "To move from your place without a sure word from God is reckless presumption."  Solomon would respond by saying that risk and faith are related.  If uncertainty is built in, then faith in God is essential.  Good and bad happen together.  Light and darkness are a part of life.  The proper response is to rejoice in all our years, remembering that the many days of darkness are unavoidable.

Solomon shares three pieces of advice for managing uncertainty and the element of risk.  First, cast your bread upon the waters:  Invest your life wisely even when there is no promise of immediate reward (11:1).  Second, give a portion to seven or eight- diversify (11:2). Finally, be diligent:  The merism "morning and evening" means to consistently invest your life- not everything will succeed, but not everything will fail.  Keep working.

Man was made to take dominion over God's creation, to care for the garden and to bring more order and beauty to God's world.  Solomon wants us to get after the goals we have set:  Follow your heart, but know for all this God will bring you into judgment.  If your plans are good and true, pray about them and then step out.  We are called to be faithful.  Success comes from God.  Don't let uncertainty stand in your way.  Risk in order to take dominion, to advance the kingdom of God, is good.  Perhaps you have come to the kingdom for such a time as this.

Monday, July 1, 2024

How Wisdom Works

 

          The old teacher clutched the package to his chest as he left the post office. -The curriculum had arrived! As he returned to his classroom, he unwrapped the box and pulled the familiar books from inside. The covers were the same. The workbooks looked like they did when he was a child. Nothing had changed, not in fifty years. An old catalog of reprinted curriculum had yielded its fruit. He stepped behind his desk and sat down. He remembered struggling through its ideas. He had asked plenty of questions of his teacher. He had rebelled against the ideas at first, then came to the slow recognition that the books, old even then, held value. He remembered what a difference the books had made in his life, in his future. He wondered if they could still do the job for a new and skeptical group of teens.

          At the last board meeting, he had pressured the administrators to let him order the set. The administrators were at their wit's end to know how to progress. The students were not learning. Too many government mandates. Additional social programs. School violence. Student apathy. Cries for more money hadn't helped. The money had come and gone, and the situation was worse. The district was far behind its counterparts. Teachers and administrators were disillusioned. They chose early retirement and moved south to avoid the cold.

          Partly because of his age and partly because they had tried everything else, the school board had consented. They doubted books without colorful covers and innovative supplemental materials could make a difference. At least the teacher cared and was still trying to make a difference. The teacher smiled and opened the books. He studied the class goals, the scope and sequence, and began to write his lesson plans.

          Slowly, administrators noticed a change. Students who attended the old teacher's class were making improvement. The ones who applied themselves had less detentions in school and grades improved. Teachers noticed students had a zeal for learning and a new alertness in their eyes. Parents began to notice an increased respect and politeness at home.

          The curriculum exceeded all expectations. Change came not only in academics, but in manners and morals and direction for life. What the old teacher had recalled was changing the course of life for his students. Other teachers began to inquire after his success. They borrowed the address and ordered that curriculum for their own students. One young teacher daydreamed about repackaging the curriculum and selling it as his own. Maybe one day he could have his own infomercial, his own DVD course to sell. He would be rich. He knew, like the old teacher knew, that the curriculum actually worked. Change came every time it was seriously used.

          Then the inevitable meeting came- the board meeting when a red-faced man stood before the administrators and dared them to read the class goals to those in attendance. To their horror, they realized that the curriculum mentioned God. The board condemned it immediately and gathered up the books and workbooks from every teacher who had bought them. The books were boxed and sealed with tape. They were labeled "old curriculum" and stored away.

          Grades dropped. The teachers returned to their frustration and the students returned to their apathy. Teachers retired and students quit. Yet, packed away amid the desks and chairs, was the solution. It had worked every time it was tried. But, society had made sure it wasn't going to be tried again.

The Book of Proverbs makes some extravagant claims about itself. Designed as a

curriculum to train godly leaders for a godly nation, the book boasts that it is written to accomplish the following goals:

For attaining wisdom and discipline;

For understanding words of insight;

For acquiring a disciplined and prudent life,

Doing what is just and right and fair;

For giving prudence to the simple,

Knowledge and discretion to the young— Let the wise listen and add to their learning,

And let the discerning get guidance— For understanding proverbs and parables,

The sayings and riddles of the wise. (Proverbs 1:2-6)

          Do you hear what the author is saying? To the wise, no matter how wise, this book will make them wiser still. To the simple, the person who is gullible with a bent toward sin, there is the possibility of change. Real change. Beyond the excuses, beyond the blame-shifting, beyond the counseling, there is hope for radical, permanent, character change. To everyone who is tired of banging their heads against the wall, to every parent of a wayward child, to every delinquent or disadvantaged teen, there is hope. Everyone who reads and applies the principles taught in Proverbs gets wise. Money back guarantee.

If this sounds to good to be true, it is only because our society has made it so. Wisdom.

Discipline. Prudence. Knowledge. Discretion. The words almost sound archaic in our culture! Knowledge may still be heard, but the other words have been replaced by words like science, freedom, and tolerance. Knowledge is doubling at an exponential rate in our culture, but our ability at relationships has seriously declined. Divorces, lawsuits, and violent crimes are all testimony to the waywardness of our society. Science has helped us build a bigger bomb and a better TV. We have been freed from the moral constraints of the past. We have rights, not duties, and tolerance has castrated our ability to stand for truth, even in our own families.

          Wisdom, the art of steering a life, has run into troubled times. It ought to be the overarching concern of teachers and parents, churches and governments. Parents ought to have a burden to impact their children in such a way as to make them wise. The state ought to have a vested interest in the production of wise citizens, wise rulers. But society has changed. If parents were intentional in teaching their children to be wise, they would first have to unteach the very pillars of post-modern society.

Wisdom vs. Humanism

          In our opening story, it is clear that society has priorities. If it has a clear choice between acknowledging God and worshiping man, it will always choose the latter. That means, according to wisdom, it will always choose to make its students fools. The claims of wisdom and the claims of humanism are completely at odds. No one could deny that humanism is the religion of record in our schools, colleges, halls of justice, and political seats of power. It has made incredible strides at unseating Christianity as the decisive moral influence. It seems like Christianity and wisdom itself have been boxed up and sealed. As we look at the tenets of wisdom, we will find it is no surprise that it can't take root in our humanistic culture.

 

          l. God exists. Proverbs puts God right at the center: "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom" (l :7). It sees God as Creator and Sustainer of all things, Wisdom is built into the fabric of creation (8:22-31) so that design, usefulness, purpose, power, and beauty are clearly evident. Paul argues in Romans that God's qualities are so apparent in creation that man's conscience is convicted and he tries to suppress the evidence (see Romans 1:18-20). Wisdom says she was the craftsman by God's side in creation (8:30).

God is the final Judge of all our activities: "For a man's ways are in full view of the Lord, and He examines all his paths" (5:21). He is the Defender of the fatherless (23:10-11) and He will not let the righteous go hungry (10:3). He is a strong tower for them (18:10). God is self consistent so that his thought and actions are always righteous, just, and loving. Wisdom assumes that God exists and that it is foolhardy to believe otherwise: "The fool has said in his heart, there is no God" (Psalm 14:l).

          What do humanists teach? Paul Kurtz, a noted Humanist, writes: "Humanism cannot in any fair sense of the word apply to one who still believes in God as the source and creator of the universe." They replace God with man at the center of their philosophy. Humanists are concerned with the present happiness of mankind- man is free to pursue his own pleasure without regard to a God who will call Him into account. Fear of God has been replaced by the freedom of man.

          2.      Man was created. Humanists are dedicated evolutionists. For them, man is a part of nature and has emerged as the result of a continuing process. Personality is a function of biology. Man has no spirit; he only acts and reacts with his environment. Humanists believe in spite of the evidence. One has even admitted that spontaneous generation, evolving life from non-life, is impossible, yet  "here we are-- as a result, I believe of spontaneous generation."

          Wisdom holds that every part of creation has a purpose and is related to every other part. The smallest part of creation is irreducibly complex. No extra parts. No missing links. Everything looks- well, ordered. Wisdom says design is everywhere. Humanism says everything evolved from chaos. Wisdom says that meaning and purpose for man are found in the reason for his creation, the delight of God (8:31). Humanism says if man has any purpose at all, it is his own temporal, circumstantial happiness.

          3.   Morality is unchanging. This is what makes wisdom work. Every time you fall in with thieves, there is trouble (1:8-19). Every time you give in to the seductive words of an adulteress, you risk death (7:21-23). Wisdom lays out the rules by which the universe was created and by which it is governed. They don't change or adjust to a person's circumstances or desire for happiness. They always reflect the unchanging character of the God who made them.

          Proverbs sees both an active and a passive judgment on sin. Most of the time, judgment comes in the sense of natural consequences. "Can a man scoop fire in his lap without his clothes being burned"(6:27-29). "The unfaithful are destroyed by their duplicity" (1 1:3). Other times, God is directly involved: "The Lord tears down the proud man's house" (15:25). Positive reward also come from His hand. "He who is kind to the poor lends to the Lord, and he will reward him for what he has done" (19: 17).

          Humanists have no supreme moral authority. With temporal happiness and personal autonomy as overarching concerns, it doesn't take a sage to see what is coming. Sexuality is freed from the constraints of commitment and conventional definitions. If adultery or homosexuality brings happiness, at least temporarily, then it is affirmed. Wisdom, of course, sees the trap that is coming. The pleasure of sin for a season is followed by sudden judgment, "like a bird darting into a snare" (7:23). The rules of the universe and a benevolent God are not set aside simply because one doesn't believe in them. "There is a way that seems right to a man, but in the end it leads to death" (14:12).

          4.      Man is placed under the authority of God. Authority is the right to demand compliance in thought or deed. It means God has the right to tell us what to do. That is why wisdom says to fear God. Man is a servant and is not free to chart his own course. "A man's steps are directed by the Lord. How then can anyone understand his own way" (20:24)? "Many are the plans in a man's heart, but it is the Lord's purpose that prevails" (19:21). The wise will learn the ways and desires of God, then set his course to agree. Because God is holy and loving, such a path will bring God the most glory and us the most joy.

          On the other hand, humanists hold that man is autonomous. His reason and his efforts are his best and only hope. Man charts his own destiny and champions his own fate. Humanism breeds a host of self-centered men and women who demand the right to sin at will and to escape the consequences. Life will be clear sailing until his pride slams him into the immovable authority of God. Perhaps a little humility is in order! Are you beginning to get the picture?

Wisdom says

Society says

1. God exists

l. Man is the center

2. Man was created for God's purposes

2. Man evolved and creates his own purpose

3. Morality doesn't change

3. Morality depends on circumstances

4. God rules

4. Man is autonomous

 

          Proverbs has a certain direction and definite plans for you. It wants you to align yourself with your Creator. It wants you to learn wisdom. The book can deliver wisdom to the fool. It can bring about change. It has God's stamp of approval. Humanism has a different direction and a different end. If you want wisdom, you will have to search for it. It's been boxed up and hidden away among the chairs and the desks in an educational warehouse. No matter what the red-faced humanists of our day demand, it's time to get the old curriculum back out again. Civilization depends on it. There is no other way to produce a wise and godly man or woman.